One of the most significant industrialists and philanthropists in America in the late 19th century, John D. Rockefeller, had strong views on the importance of labor and its place in society. He believed that work was sacred and necessary for the well-being of both individuals and communities.

Regardless of whether their work requires mental or physical exertion, Rockefeller felt that everyone has an obligation to use their work to benefit their community. He believed that everyone had a role to play in creating society and that intellectual work was equally as vital as physical labor.

At the same time, Rockefeller was adamant that society should give people opportunities to support themselves rather than just providing for them. He believed that everyone has the right to opportunities that allow them to support themselves, even though no one is guaranteed an easy life.

Consider a garden where a variety of plants coexist, including robust vegetables that can tolerate inclement weather and tall, delicate flowers that need special care. Just as different kinds of work have different effects on society, so does each plant add something special to the ecosystem of the garden. According to Rockefeller, it is the responsibility of societies and communities to grow this garden by offering seeds (opportunities) as opposed to fully developed plants (ready-made lives).

Since then, debates about economic justice and social responsibility have been shaped by Rockefeller's views on opportunity and labor, which serve as a reminder of the value of encouraging others to achieve their goals via hard work.